Peripheral arterial disease is a very common condition. The diagnosis occurs
in up to 22% of patients depending on the population you choose, the risk
factors, and the diagnostic techniques used. Within the group of patients
with peripheral arterial disease, the ratio of those who have symptoms to
those who are asymptomatic is anywhere from 1:1 to 1:6. In other words, a
patient may have peripheral arterial disease and may not know it.
How
patients present with peripheral arterial disease is variable. In general,
the majority will either present without symptoms, so you will need to
identify them on physical exam or ultrasound test, or will have stable
claudication which will be described below. A very small minority of patients
will actually present with either chronic limb ischemia or arterial ischemia.
The risk
factors for atherosclerosis are crucial both from the standpoint of
understanding which patients are more likely to have atherosclerosis and
peripheral arterial disease, and also on the treatment of those risk factors.